Modern methods of diagnosing periodontal tissue diseases in the concept of a systemic approach to treatment. (Literature review. Part 1)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33295/1992-576X-2023-6-14Keywords:
orthodontics, students, active skills, self-study education, digital book, graphically visualized testsAbstract
Resume. In Diseases of periodontal tissues remain one of the most urgent problems studied in dentistry. However, until now, the clinical diagnosis of periodontopathies has its limitations and often does not allow clinicians to determine the cause, mechanisms of disease development, and make forecasts of the course of the disease. The modern concept of a systemic approach to the treatment of dystrophic-inflammatory periodontal diseases requires informative and quick diagnostic methods that are understandable for doctors of all dental specialties. Therefore, the search for effective approaches and new methods of diagnosing periodontal tissue diseases is a very urgent issue. Disturbance of the balance in the microbiome of the oral cavity is considered a leading factor affecting the occurrence and progression of this disease. Therefore, identifying the composition of biofilms in the oral cavity and understanding the complex relationships involving microorganisms, environmental factors, and the state of human health will allow for improved diagnosis, targeted therapy of patients with periodontitis, and prediction of the course of the disease. The review describes the advantages and disadvantages of the following methods: cultivation of periodontopathogens, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), isothermal loop amplification (LAMP), sequencing of the 16S pRNA gene, next-generation sequencing (NGS), DNA microarray technology using the hybridization method in the study of periodontopathogens.Modern methods of molecular diagnostics are increasingly used to identify periodontopathogens, which will make it possible to successfully study the microbiome of the oral cavity, quickly identify periodontopathogens present in diagnostic biomaterial even in small quantities, as well as identify clinically significant types of microorganisms that are not cultivated or are difficult to cultivate in bacteriological laboratories and detect resistance to antibiotics in them. A combination of different methods of periodontopathogen diagnostics for each specific case will be optimal, which will allow selecting the most effective methods of treatment. However, monitoring the oral microbiome alone is not enough to effectively predict the course and plan the rehabilitation of patients with periodontal tissue disease. The need to find a combination of molecular and genetic methods for the diagnosis of periodontal tissue diseases is obvious.
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