Порівняльний аналіз ефективності чищення зубів у дітей різного віку

V. Antoshchuk; Yu. Chumakova

doi:10.33295/1992-576X-2025-4-17

Authors

V. Antoshchuk International Humanities University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4708-9175
Yu. Chumakova International Humanitarian University, Odessa, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8500-5446

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33295/1992-576X-2025-4-17

Keywords:

oral hygiene, schoolchildren, biofilm visualization, plaque disclosing agent, plaque index

Abstract

Introduction. An essential part of preventive oral hygiene programs is the detection of dental plaque. Special disclosing agents are used for biofilm visualization.
The purpose of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of tooth brushing quality in schoolchildren aged 7, 12, and 15 years old, as assessed by plaque visualization using a two-tone disclosing agent.
Material and methods. A clinical examination was conducted on 72 schoolchildren from the Odesa district, Ukraine, aged 7, 12, and 15 years, comprising 40 boys and 32 girls. We used a two-tone disclosing agent (Mira-2-Ton solution, Hager & Werken, Germany). With its application, the early biofilm turns pink, and the mature biofilm becomes blue. To objectively assess tooth brushing, an indicator of the number of stained areas per tooth was calculated, known as the Biofilm Two-Color Identification Index (BTII).
Results. The lowest level of oral hygiene was observed in 12-year-old children, with 79.1 ± 4.3% of teeth affected and 66.68 ± 5.91 areas with plaque, as indicated by a BTII index score of 3.16 ± 0.18. In 7-year-olds, 67.6 ± 4.6% of teeth and 44.45 ± 4.63 areas had plaque, and BTII scores were 2.78 ± 0.16. In 15-year-olds, 74.6 ± 4.5% of teeth and 64.73 ± 5.64 areas had plaque, and BTII scores were 3.00 ± 0.12. The ratio of the pink regions with early biofilm to the blue areas with mature biofilm was 81.3/18.7% in 12-year-olds, 87.9/12.1% in 15-year-olds, and 91.6/8.4%, indicating the best toothbrushing technique in older schoolchildren. Children aged 7 years had worse brushing on the right side and lower incisors. Twelve-year-olds had issues with incisors and canines on both jaws. Fifteen-year-olds often experience problems with their molars, particularly on the right side of their mouth.
Conclusion. Disclosing plaque visualization helps to establish the level of oral hygiene and provides personalized instructions to improve oral hygiene care in children.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

V. Antoshchuk, International Humanities University

Postgraduate student of the Department of General Dentistry

Yu. Chumakova, International Humanitarian University, Odessa, Ukraine

Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of General Dentistry of the International Humanitarian University

References

Larsen, T., Fiehn, N-E. (2017). Dental biofilm infections — an update. APMIS, 125(4), 376–384. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/apm.12688.

Mira, A., Simon-Soro, A., Curtis, M.A. (2017). Role of microbial communities in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases and caries. J. Clin. Periodontol., 44 Suppl. 18, S23–38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12671.

Figuero, E., Nobrega, D. F., Garcia-Gargallo, M. et al. (2017). Mechanical and chemical plaque control in the simultaneous management of gingivitis and caries: a systematic review. J. Clin. Periodontol., 44 Suppl. 18, S116–134. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.12674.

Kaskova, L. F., Mandziuk, T. B. (2022). Factors of caries development and ways to reduce thei impact in school children. Ukrainian Dental Almanac, 2, 46–50. [ Каськова, Л., Мандзюк, Т. (2022). Фактори розвитку карієсу та шляхи зменшення їх впливу на шкільного віку. Український стоматологічний альманах, (2), 46–50. ]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31718/2409-0255.2.2022.08.

Deinzer, R., Cordes, O., Weber. J. et al. (2019). Toothbrushing behavior in children — an observational study of toothbrushing performance in 12 year olds. BMC Oral Health, 19, 68. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-019-0755-z.

Fasoulas, A., Pavlidou, E., Petridis, D. et al. (2019). Detection of dental plaque with disclosing agents in the context of preventive oral hygiene training programs. Heliyon, 5(7), e02064. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02064.

Jönsson, B., Abrahamsson, K. H. (2000). Overcoming behavioral obstacles to prevent periodontal disease: Behavioral change techniques and self-performed periodontal infection control. Periodontol, 84(1), 134–144. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/prd.12334.

Kaneyasu, Y., Shigeishi, H., Niitani, Y. et al. (2024). Manual toothbrushes, self-toothbrushing, and replacement duration to remove dental plaque and improve gingival health: A scoping review from recent research. J. Dent., 148, 105240. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105240.

Pretty, I. A., Edgar, W. M., Smith, P. W., Higham, S. M. (2005). Quantification of dental plaque in the research environment. J. Dent., 33(3), 193–207. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2004.10.017.

D’Elia, G., Floris, W., Marini, L. et al. (2023). Methods for evaluating the effectiveness of home oral hygiene measures — A narrative review of dental biofilm indices. Dent. J., 11(7), 172. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/dj11070172.

Chumakova, Y., Antoshchuk, V. (2023). Biofilm visualization as a component of the procedure of individual and professional tooth brushing. (Literature Review). Actual Dentistry, 5(116), 12–22. [ Чумакова Ю. Г., Антощук, В. О. (2023). Візуалізація біоплівки як компонент процедури індивідуального та професійного чищення зубів. (Огляд літератури). Актуальна стоматологія, 5(116), 12–22. ]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33295/1992-576X-2023-5-12.

Shrivastava, D., Natoli, V., Srivastava, K. C. et al. (2021). Novel approach to dental biofilm management through Guided Biofilm Therapy (GBT): A Review. Microorganisms, 9(9), 1966–1982. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9091966.

Mensi, M., Scotti, E., Sordillo, A., Agosti, R., Calza, S. (2020). Plaque disclosing agent as a guide for professional biofilm removal: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Int. J. Dent. Hyg., 18(3), 285–294. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/idh.12442.