Dynamics of morphological changes in the recovery of the oral mucosa after the application of the method of high-frequency electric welding

Abstract

Actuality. Oral surgery involves the creation of a wound as a mandatory element of the operation, in order to access the site of intervention and visualization of the operative field. The final and obligatory stage is the tight connection of the wound edges, and ensuring adequate hemostasis, in order to achieve surgical treatment and tissue healing.
The aim of this study was to study the dynamics of morphological changes of the mucous membrane of the transitional fold of the oral cavity (OM) and the course of regeneration processes after the application of the device EKVZ-300M «PATONMED®» in electric welding.
Materials and methods. The study was conducted in the Department of Experimental Surgery of the National Institute of Surgery and Transplantology named after O.O. Shalimov NAMS of Ukraine on 36 adult outbred rabbits, of different sex and age with body weight from 2260 to 4650 g (average weight 3565±100 g) due to the similarity of the histological structure of the oral mucosa with human. A cut longitudinal wound measuring 1–1.5 cm in length and 0.3–0.5 cm in depth was applied to the transitional fold of the upper jaw of the oral cavity with the help of a scalpel blade № 15. Electric welding on the wound of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity was carried out using the device EKVZ-300M «PATONMED®» in the mode of automatic welding № 2 with a voltage of 25 V, the duration of exposure to high frequency current on the tissue did not exceed 0.6–1.2 s, the temperature in the range of 45–55°С, the duration of the voltage increase – 150 ms, the specific pressure force on the tissues in the range of 0.3–0.7 N/cm2, the current frequency of 66 kHz. On days 3, 7, 14 and 21, the animals were removed from the experiment. Tissue samples in the area affected by high-frequency electric welding (HF electric welding) were removed so that the wound channel with a deviation of 3 mm to healthy tissues fell within them, histological examination of the taken material was performed.
Results. This study indicates that for 3 days, in the treatment area, the presence of fibroblastic cells was noted. On day 7, the formation of a narrow layer of granulation tissue with a thickness of 89.71±9.18 μm was observed. After the application of RF-welding, macroscopically and histologically, no pronounced signs of inflammation were observed for 7 days.
Conclusions. On day 3, the initial manifestations of connective tissue regeneration were observed. On the 7-th day in the treatment area there was a continuation of regenerative processes in the wound and the active development of angiogenesis. Macroscopically and microscopically pronounced signs of inflammation were not observed since 7 days. The conducted experimental research proves the presence of minimal morphological changes in the oral mucosa, which, in turn, indicates the prospect of using RF electric welding in oral surgery.