Impact of Malocclusion, Periodontal Status, and Respiratory Function Disorders on the Quality of Life in Children Aged 6–14 Years

Abstract

Introduction. Malocclusions in children are common anomalies that affect not only aesthetics but also the functional state of the oral cavity, psycho-emotional well-being, and quality of life. Malocclusions are often accompanied by periodontal changes, oral microbiome imbalance, and poor oral hygiene, which may exacerbate clinical manifestations and complicate orthodontic treatment.

Aim of the study. To investigate the relationship between types of malocclusion, periodontal status, respiratory function disorders, and the physical and psycho-emotional impact on the quality of life of children aged 6–14 years, as well as to identify key factors requiring early correction.

Materials and Methods. The study included 167 children, divided into two age groups: Group I (6–9 years, n = 88) and Group II (10–14 years, n = 79). Control subgroups (20 children each) consisted of children without malocclusion or periodontal problems. Clinical examination assessed malocclusion type and periodontal status, oral hygiene, and included surveys of children and parents regarding physical discomfort and psycho-emotional impact on quality of life.

Results. Malocclusions were observed in 47.7% of younger children and 60% of older children, often accompanied by periodontal changes and daily-life discomfort. The greatest negative impact was associated with transverse and localized malocclusions. Respiratory disorders and poor oral hygiene increased discomfort and psycho-emotional burden. Age and gender differences were minor, although younger children reported greater physical discomfort.

Conclusion. The findings emphasize the need for a comprehensive, interdisciplinary approach to diagnosing and treating malocclusion in children, including periodontal care and addressing factors affecting quality of life, in order to prevent progression of pathology and improve both physical and psycho-emotional well-being.