Cучасний підхід до лікування затримки прорізування верхніх постійних іклів (огляд літератури)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33295/1992-576X-2025-2-28Ключові слова:
затримка прорізування постійних іклів верхньої щелепи, хірургічне лікування, ортодонтичне лікування, пародонтологічне лікуванняАнотація
Вступ. Прорізування зубів — фізіологічний процес, який відбувається у послідовності, встановленій природою для виконання однієї з основних функцій — жування. Однак у деяких випадках цей механізм порушується і спричиняє відсутність зуба або зубів, зазвичай верхніх іклів, які є фундаментальними для естетики, гармонійної посмішки та стоматогенної системи пацієнта.
Ортодонтичне лікування уражених верхньощелепних іклів залишається проблемою для сучасних клініцистів. Лікарі-ортодонти часто мають справу з багатьма ускладненнями при лікуванні цієї патології, яка має поширеність приблизно 1–6 %. Затримка прорізування іклів зустрічається у жінок у 2–3 рази частіше, ніж у чоловіків.
Мета: на підставі аналізу літературних джерел визначити основні сучасні підходи до лікування затримки прорізування верхніх постійних іклів.
Матеріали та методи. Інформаційний пошук та аналіз наукових джерел проведено із використанням наукометричних баз Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar за останні 15 років.
Висновок. Аналіз літературних джерел показав, що дослідження лікування уражених іклів є надзвичайно важливим через складність і різноманітність підходів, які включають хірургічні, ортодонтичні, пародонтологічні та реставраційні методи. Раннє виявлення та своєчасне втручання є ключовими факторами, які впливають на успіх лікування і можуть значно зменшити загальні витрати та тривалість терапії. Вивчення різних методів лікування та їхньої ефективності дозволить розробити оптимальні стратегії для кожного конкретного випадку, враховуючи вік пацієнта, анатомічні особливості та клінічний стан.
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